Act before you miss a payment
- Call your lender right away. Ask about a payment deferment (moving a payment to the end of the loan), a due-date change or a temporary reduced payment. Get any agreement in writing.
- Prioritize the car if you need it for work, and ask other creditors for flexibility instead.
- Talk to a nonprofit credit counselor for a free budget review and help negotiating.
- Look for one-time help from TANF, local charities or our car payment assistance options.
Know your rights
Repossession laws vary by state, and your loan contract matters. In general:
- In many states a lender can repossess soon after you default, sometimes without advance notice.
- Repossession agents generally may not "breach the peace", for example by using threats or force, or breaking into a locked garage.
- You have the right to get back personal belongings left in the car.
- After repossession, many states require the lender to tell you how and when the car will be sold, and how you can get it back.
Your state attorney general's website or a legal aid office can explain the rules where you live.
Other options if you are behind
- Refinance with a credit union or nonprofit lender at a lower rate or longer term.
- Sell the car yourself, which usually brings more than an auction, then buy something cheaper.
- Voluntary surrender avoids repo fees but you may still owe the difference after the car is sold.
If your car was already repossessed
Depending on your state, you may be able to reinstate the loan by catching up on missed payments and fees, or redeem the car by paying the full balance. If the car is sold for less than you owe, the lender may ask you to pay the deficiency balance. Ask for a written accounting, and get legal advice if the numbers look wrong. You can also submit a complaint to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.
Frequently asked questions
How many payments can I miss before repossession?
It depends on your contract and state law. Some contracts allow repossession after a single missed payment. Call your lender as soon as you know you will be late.
Will a repossession hurt my credit?
Yes. A repossession and any unpaid deficiency can stay on your credit report for up to seven years. Working out a plan early helps limit the damage.
Can I get my belongings back?
Yes. Contact the lender or repossession company quickly to arrange to collect personal items left in the car.
Related help
Find help in your state
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- All 50 states + DC
Reviewed November 2026. This page was researched using official government and program sources. Programs change often, so please confirm details with each program before applying. How we research.